Booleans

Booleans are used to represent true or false values (boolean algebra is the subset of algebra which variables are either true or false).

Booleans are often used in conditional statements to control the flow of a program. They are essential in decision-making constructs such as if, while, and for loops.

Booleans are subclasses of integers, and are represented as 1 (true) and 0 (false); their type is bool. and they can be combined in Boolean expressions using the logical operators and, or, and not.

• Boolean Values: Python uses True and False to represent boolean values. These are the only two possible values for a boolean.

• Boolean Operations: Booleans support logical operations like and, or, and not, which are used to combine or invert boolean expressions.

• and: Returns True if both operands are True.

• or: Returns True if at least one operand is True.

• not: Returns True if the operand is False, and False if the operand is True.

  is_true = True
  is_false = False
  
  result_and = is_true and is_false  # False
  result_or = is_true or is_false    # True
  result_not = not is_true           # False
  

• Boolean Expressions: A boolean expression is an expression that evaluates to a boolean value (True or False). These expressions are commonly used in conditions and loops.

  age = 18
  is_adult = age >= 18  # True
  

• Truthiness: In Python, objects can be evaluated in a boolean context to determine their "truthiness". Non-zero numbers, non-empty sequences, and non-empty objects are considered True, while 0, None, and empty sequences or objects are considered False.

  if []:
      print("This won't print because an empty list is False")
  if [1, 2, 3]:
      print("This will print because a non-empty list is True")